https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/autograd.html#torch.Tensor.detach

import torch

当我们再训练网络的时候可能希望保持一部分的网络参数不变,只对其中一部分的参数进行调整;或者值训练部分分支网络,并不让其梯度对主网络的梯度造成影响,这时候我们就需要使用detach()函数来切断一些分支的反向传播

tensor.detach()

返回一个新的tensor,从当前计算图中分离下来的,但是仍指向原变量的存放位置,不同之处只是requires_grad为false,得到的这个tensor永远不需要计算其梯度,不具有grad。

即使之后重新将它的requires_grad置为true,它也不会具有梯度grad

这样我们就会继续使用这个新的tensor进行计算,后面当我们进行反向传播时,到该调用detach()的tensor就会停止,不能再继续向前进行传播

注意:

使用detach返回的tensor和原始的tensor共同一个内存,即一个修改另一个也会跟着改变。

1. 正常

# e.g.1
a = torch.tensor([1.2, 3.4, 5.6], requires_grad=True)
print("Before backward():")
print(f"a.grad: {a.grad}")
out = a.sigmoid()
out.sum().backward()
print("\nAfter backward():")
print(f"a.grad: {a.grad}")
Before backward():
a.grad: None

After backward():
a.grad: tensor([0.1779, 0.0313, 0.0037])

2. 当使用detach()分离且不修改tensor时,不会影响backward()

# e.g.2

a = torch.tensor([1.2, 3.4, 5.6], requires_grad=True)
print("Before backward():")
print(f"a.grad: {a.grad}")
out = a.sigmoid()
print(f"out.grad: {out.grad}")

# 分离out tensor, c.requires_read变为False
c = out.detach()
print(f"c: {c}")

# 并未修改分离出的tensor c,所以不影响backward()。
out.sum().backward()

print("\nAfter backward():")
print(f"a.grad: {a.grad}")


# 从上可见tensor  c是由out分离得到的,但是没有去改变这个c,这个时候依然对原来的out求导是不会有错误的,
# 即c,out之间的区别是c是没有梯度的,out是有梯度的,但是需要注意的是下面两种情况是会报错的.
Before backward():
a.grad: None
out.grad: None
c: tensor([0.7685, 0.9677, 0.9963])

After backward():
a.grad: tensor([0.1779, 0.0313, 0.0037])


<ipython-input-28-2b96ae582a0b>:7: UserWarning: The .grad attribute of a Tensor that is not a leaf Tensor is being accessed. Its .grad attribute won't be populated during autograd.backward(). If you indeed want the gradient for a non-leaf Tensor, use .retain_grad() on the non-leaf Tensor. If you access the non-leaf Tensor by mistake, make sure you access the leaf Tensor instead. See github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/30531 for more informations.
  print(f"out.grad: {out.grad}")

3. 当使用detach()分离tensor,然后用这个分离出来的tensor去求导数,会影响backward(),会出现错误

# e.g.3

a = torch.tensor([1.2, 3.4, 5.6], requires_grad=True)
print("Before backward():")
print(f"a.grad: {a.grad}")
out = a.sigmoid()
print(f"out.grad: {out.grad}")

# 分离out tensor, c.requires_read变为False
c = out.detach()
print(f"c: {c}")

# 使用分离出来的c,反向传播。
c.sum().backward()
print(f"a.grad: {a.grad}")
Before backward():
a.grad: None
out.grad: None
c: tensor([0.7685, 0.9677, 0.9963])


<ipython-input-30-c3f4f3622562>:6: UserWarning: The .grad attribute of a Tensor that is not a leaf Tensor is being accessed. Its .grad attribute won't be populated during autograd.backward(). If you indeed want the gradient for a non-leaf Tensor, use .retain_grad() on the non-leaf Tensor. If you access the non-leaf Tensor by mistake, make sure you access the leaf Tensor instead. See github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/30531 for more informations.
  print(f"out.grad: {out.grad}")



---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RuntimeError                              Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-30-c3f4f3622562> in <module>
     11 
     12 # 使用分离出来的c,反向传播。
---> 13 c.sum().backward()
     14 print(f"a.grad: {a.grad}")


/opt/conda/envs/blog/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/tensor.py in backward(self, gradient, retain_graph, create_graph)
    219                 retain_graph=retain_graph,
    220                 create_graph=create_graph)
--> 221         torch.autograd.backward(self, gradient, retain_graph, create_graph)
    222 
    223     def register_hook(self, hook):


/opt/conda/envs/blog/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/autograd/__init__.py in backward(tensors, grad_tensors, retain_graph, create_graph, grad_variables)
    128         retain_graph = create_graph
    129 
--> 130     Variable._execution_engine.run_backward(
    131         tensors, grad_tensors_, retain_graph, create_graph,
    132         allow_unreachable=True)  # allow_unreachable flag


RuntimeError: element 0 of tensors does not require grad and does not have a grad_fn

4. 当使用detach()分离tensor并且更改这个tensor时,即使再对原来的out求导数,会影响backward(),会出现错误

# e.g.4
a = torch.tensor([1.2, 3.4, 5.6], requires_grad=True)
print("Before backward():")
print(f"a.grad: {a.grad}")
out = a.sigmoid()
print(f"out.grad: {out.grad}")

# 分离out tensor, c.requires_read变为False
c = out.detach()
print(f"c: {c}")
c.zero_() # 修改c

# c和out均改变
print(f"c: {c}")
print(f"out: {out}")


#这时候对c进行更改,所以会影响backward(),这时候就不能进行backward(),会报错
out.sum().backward()
Before backward():
a.grad: None
out.grad: None
c: tensor([0.7685, 0.9677, 0.9963])
c: tensor([0., 0., 0.])
out: tensor([0., 0., 0.], grad_fn=<SigmoidBackward>)


<ipython-input-36-08ba9844c2b4>:6: UserWarning: The .grad attribute of a Tensor that is not a leaf Tensor is being accessed. Its .grad attribute won't be populated during autograd.backward(). If you indeed want the gradient for a non-leaf Tensor, use .retain_grad() on the non-leaf Tensor. If you access the non-leaf Tensor by mistake, make sure you access the leaf Tensor instead. See github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/30531 for more informations.
  print(f"out.grad: {out.grad}")



---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RuntimeError                              Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-36-08ba9844c2b4> in <module>
     17 
     18 #这时候对c进行更改,所以会影响backward(),这时候就不能进行backward(),会报错
---> 19 out.sum().backward()


/opt/conda/envs/blog/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/tensor.py in backward(self, gradient, retain_graph, create_graph)
    219                 retain_graph=retain_graph,
    220                 create_graph=create_graph)
--> 221         torch.autograd.backward(self, gradient, retain_graph, create_graph)
    222 
    223     def register_hook(self, hook):


/opt/conda/envs/blog/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/autograd/__init__.py in backward(tensors, grad_tensors, retain_graph, create_graph, grad_variables)
    128         retain_graph = create_graph
    129 
--> 130     Variable._execution_engine.run_backward(
    131         tensors, grad_tensors_, retain_graph, create_graph,
    132         allow_unreachable=True)  # allow_unreachable flag


RuntimeError: one of the variables needed for gradient computation has been modified by an inplace operation: [torch.FloatTensor [3]], which is output 0 of SigmoidBackward, is at version 1; expected version 0 instead. Hint: enable anomaly detection to find the operation that failed to compute its gradient, with torch.autograd.set_detect_anomaly(True).

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